Battle of Eutaw Springs: Revolutionary War in the South
91The memorable battle of Eutaw Springs, was fought in South Carolina on Sept. 8th, 1781. Since early August General Cornwallis had been at Yorktown,Virginia where he was to surrender to General Washington in October, which finally, after six and a half years of conflict, began the countdown to the end of the American Revolutionary War.
Farther south in Carolina, General Nathaniel Greene in command of American forces, was steadily pushing the British back towards Charlestown (renamed Charleston in 1783) S.C.
After much maneuvering, the King's army under Colonel Stewart paused and fortified at Eutaw Springs believing General Greene had eased up on his offensive. This erroneous assumption was to bring on a major battle.
The number of Americans that late summer's day was around two thousand. That of the Brits, was something more than two thousand three hundred. The weather was to be fair, with a rising temperature that quickly became hot; but the battle opened in a wood, the shade of which afforded some relief to the combatants.
At four o'clock in the morning, the American army moved in four columns from it's bivouac. The state troops of S.C., with Lee's legion, formed the advance. The militia of both Carolinas under the "Swamp Fox" Francis Marion, followed next. Then came the regulars under General Sumner. The rear was closed up by cavalry and Delaware men.
So completely had the detached parties of the Americans cut off those of the British, that the advance of their army was unsuspected. The Royal forces only patrol had been captured during the night; and so entirely secure did Stewart esteem himself in his position, that an unarmed party of a hundred men, had been sent out to gather sweet potatoes.
Two deserters from Greene's army, conveyed to the Brits commander the first warning of the approach of the Americans. A cavalry detachment was sent out to recall the "rooting party" and reconnoiter as well. The American force, when encountered, were immediately charged by the horsemen who were repulsed, and thus began the battle.
Marion Leads His Carolinians
The Battle Begins
The Americans advanced into battle. When the first line reached the advance parties of the British, it was ordered to move on in order, driving them before it.
In this manner, firing as it advanced, it went resolutely forward, while the enemy sank back and found shelter in their own line. With the disappearance of the skirmishing parties a desperate and steady conflict ensued.
The militia of the first American line rushed with shouts into the hottest of the enemy's fire. Their valor and unflinching perseverance amidst the continual falling of their comrades around them, was the admiration of both armies.
They did not falter until it was impossible for human courage to continue longer. Greene's men fired seventeen rounds before being reinforced, upon which the struggle was renewed with fury. They only fell back after fighting against numbers far superior to their own.
Elated at this result, and imagining the victory to be sure now, the British rushed forward in pursuit. General Greene then ordered his second line to advance and sweep the field with bayonets. This order was promptly obeyed. Then two brigades came within forty yards of the enemy and delivered a destructive fire.
While this was happening the legion infantry poured in an enfilading fire which threw the Brits into a confusion that became irretrievable. The rest of the British army seemed unshaken but the disorder and flight of the left line had its effect on the whole.
The next advance by the Americans thus helped to increase the confusion of the enemy. They delivered their fire with deliberation and fatal effect, and along their whole front the British yielded.
Completely triumphant, as they now supposed themselves, the Americans pressed forward to prevent the Brits from rallying, and to cut them off from retreating to a brick house on the battlefield.
It was in striving to stop this that the Americans sustained their greatest losses. It was around the house the British army had partly rallied already, though nothing could best the high state of alarm they were in.
Everything was given up as lost. The numerous hangers-on of the army, mostly loyalists and deserters, who dreaded falling into the hands of the Americans, seized the horses wherever they might be found and fled in terror. Many made it all the way to the gates of Charlestown.
Climax of the Battle
The Conflict Continues
The whole British line was now in full flight before the American bayonet. Their retreat lay directly through their own encampment, where their tents were all standing, and a thousand objects scattered around in profusion. To the famished troops of Greene, these were too tempting to ignore.
Fatigued and almost naked, panting with near heat prostration and thirst- at the same time believing their victory secure,- the pursuing Americans fell into acts of insubordination. The fire of the Brits from the houses contributed to this.
Here the American line got into irretrievable confusion themselves. The officers tried in vain to halt the men from rummaging but intoxicating spirits prevented this, as they quickly became utterly unmanageable.
The British officers availed themselves promptly of this miserable condition and launched a counter-attack. Greene soon saw the dangers and ordered an attack of his own from other elements in the army including cavalry, but they were repulsed.
The Brits then attacked the rear of the Americans amidst the tents and were repulsed in turn, but not before one command of their enemy was almost annihilated by comrades concealed in a picketed garden.The Royal artillery, which had been captured by the Americans, had been brought up and opened upon the brick house, where the enemy were strongly sheltered.
Unfortunately, in the hurry of the fight, the pieces had been brought too near the house, and were overwhelmed by its fire, which very soon killed or disabled the artillerymen. The British soon scattered the cavalry and re-took the pieces and hurried them undercover.
Then, being reinforced by parties from the house and garden, they charged the Americans amongst the tents, and drove them away. They found safety in the woods where the rest of Greene's army had rallied.
The British too much crippled to venture into conflict beyond the shelter of the houses, slowly fell back upon their position. This ended the severe battle of Eutaw Springs with both sides claiming the honors of victor.
Eutaw Springs Stone Marker
Aftermath of Eutaw Springs
That the Americans fought well, and conquered while they fought, is undeniable. Among their casualties, was the gallant Colonel Campbell, who fell a moment before the final charge of the Americans which drove the British from the field at the point of the bayonet.
The shouts of victory revived him in his dying moments. He demanded the cause of the shouting, and being told that the enemy was in full flight and utterly routed, exclaimed- with the righteous satisfaction of the patriot soldier,- "I die contented." These were his last words.
In this arduous engagement, the Americans took five hundred prisoners. Colonel Stewart, leaving his dead unburied, and seventy of his wounded to the mercy of Greene, retreated with haste from his foe. Greene pursued him, but without success. He was eventually compelled to fore-go the chase and tend to the wounded and prisoners.
And though Stewart succeeded in escaping, Royal power in South Carolina's interior was completely lost by the battle. He had suffered in casualties nearly one half of the force which he had brought into action.
The losses of Greene had also been severe to a very great degree, with around 120 slain and 380 men wounded. His officers, in particular, had taken dreadful casualties from the house while vainly attempting to rescue their imbibing soldiers from the British tents. In this bloody affair, no less than sixty-one of them had been killed and wounded. Thus concludes the Battle of Eutaw Springs.
Copyright 2012/ All rights reserved/ alastar-packer.hubpages.com
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You have brought history alive. Thank you.
An Excellent read, thanks for writing about an important but perhaps little known part of history. Many people know of some of the big picture histories but these detailed important stages are a big part of history too. Thanks again for the great hub, Voted Up!!
I will tell him hey:) he just knocked on my door - he found the hamster that escaped:) Rotf!
Sounds cool and I bet you could take that kind of mystery anywhere! I can't wait to see what you come up with. I'll keep him busy with your older ones until you crank out another:))
Alastar - Mick and I loved it...you are really a great historian! You really did make this piece come alive!
I live in the Charleston, SC area. Nice to see that folks are still interested in keeping history alive.
I certainly will stop by to read those. I love history, and read it whenever possible. There are a few forts around, most notably Fort Sumter, which guards the mouth of Charleston Harbor, and is of course where the first shot of the Civil War rang out. They have a tour boat ride out to that, which is narrated, and narrations also at the fort. We also have the WWII aircraft carrier Yorktown, which has tours, and now holds the Medal of Honor museum. Just two of many...I can tell you more as well. :)TR
Fascinating article, Alastar, and chock full of interesting facts. I live in Charleston, and revel in the history that lives here. You have a talent that brings that era to life. Voted up with enthusiasm. Well done, my friend :)TR
At the risk of being omnipresent, I meant to ask in my previous comment: in reference to "Lee's legion", would that have been Harry "Light-Horse" Lee as in Robert's father?
Another excellent read Alastar! I'm waiting for you to do a piece about Moore's Creek, another site we visited many years ago. I only remember a dense woods and a visitor's center with pictures depicting the battle - there were loyalists, patriots and Scottish units involved - I do remember that much.
Thanks again!
Wow! Packed with detail and showing both sides of the coin, (so to speak) you did a brilliant job of this.
Thank you.
Hi, you certainly make it sound interesting and alive, we Brits did give a good fight though! lol seriously, this was really good reading, cheers nell
Yes, someone not born here was talking about the pulling over for a funeral a few days ago. They didn't see it, not even knowing the person. I do think most from the south are more respectful and certainly my brothers and I were raised that way. I so love being around older people here too and getting into discussions about the past, I can't think of a better way to spend free time. They and I love it, lol. Wow, you know I should take notes and write a book! Wouldn't that be great?
I have always been a southerner and have never heard of voodoo except what I have read about some slaves practicing it eons ago. A man in CVS one day was talking about his mother from New York living in the south now just could not get over the welcome feeling and love the southern people emitted. He said he now felt that. All we were doing was trying to help him find a place. lol
Oh-voted up and across!
What an interesting look at history. UP and awesome!
Hi Alastar,
You bring the horrors of war alive with your descriptive writing whether it was back during the Revolutionary War...or if you were writing about today's wars, I am sure you would be just as descriptive. It is almost as if you were on the side-lines as a reporter noting the current news. Kudos! Up and interesting!
...just checking in with you Mister Packer and sending you warm wishes and pleasant thoughts and good energy to one of my favortie writers of all hub-time - or anywhere else - for that matter.
lake erie time 2:39pm ontario canada
My brother, you have wonderful history here. Thanks for writing and share with us. You always open my eyes about what happened in past from the real history. Well done and vote up! Have a nice weekend.
Prasetio
Those men fought for such a cause to just be overlooked today or changed in meaning. I love The History Channel and history as you know. I love putting myself there as I learn to imagine what it must have been like. My husband and I were talking yesterday about South Carolinian's. We love NC and the people and they are many very special but we have never experienced such kindness and special mannerism as those in South Carolina of all the places we have ever been. We mostly knew people of a church but even cashiers there made us smile and feel so welcome. This was in this Charleston area, is it something unique about that region do you think?
Alastar, you have my votes my friend. I love history and this takes the case. I love learning about any important event that is written in stone. I enjoyed Cambell's last words. I can only imagine his utter joy, yet his fatal injury. America wasn't suppost to win. Britain was powerful. Yet, by faith, they emerged. Very well written and a great idea for a hub Alastar. You did great friend. :)
Alastar this was another great hub about the history here in my home state. I'm not sure where Eutaw Springs is though. War is such a sad thing and I guess I think too much about all the soldiers-they are all someone's son, brother,father, husband, etc. and would rather be with their families than doing what they do. However, you have a gift for telling these stories.
Thank you, Alastar Packer!
Maybe you should write a piece on the Battle of Waxhaws, which occurred near Lancaster, SC, home of resspenser, another great Hub writer.
Excellent work! Up and awesome!
The citizen soldiers taking the battle to the British. Wilhem Von Steubon helped give them the training, tactics, and discipline to be soldiers. But it was the determination to live free that prevailed. An awesome write into an important part of our history.
WELL ALASTAR, I will be honest here. History is not my favorite subject after being "force fed" it in college!!! ha...Infact you and the first man who inspired and supported me here (James Watkins) are the ONLY history hubs I will visit!!! I do love history about castles and kings though ; ha.....You are very good at writing this history stuff. AND ofcourse this gives me yet another chance to take a "cheap shot at my British ex!" ha
My father once said to my ex, "Hey, I love the British." Proud my ex answered "Why thank you." Which then my father cleverly continued "Yes, they taught the indians how to steal!!!!!" ha ha
OK, I will STOP now. GO AMERICA!!!!!!!! YOU KICKED BUTT! Lovely to be here once more kind sir. ; G
You are a natural history teller and you write in a fantastic way with all the small details that brings this battle into life and different from other battles. Sadly, every battle means loss of lives and one can only imagine how those who participated and their families felt at the time.
I always learn so much about your part of the world from your hubs and I enjoy reading! Thanks Alastar
Tina
Great hub. Enjoy reading any story of our history the battle of Eutaw Springs is sure one of them. Voted up.
Dear Alastar,
Charleston has such a personal healing meaning to me, having visited twice for reasons I can share with you over time.
It greatly saddens me to think of the lives lost, much like our men and women today really, as I read your powerful portrayal. You have such a gift for making history come alive in my mind's eye. Voted UP & UABI and, yes, I saw you lovely comment in your last hub, thank you so much.
Have a peaceful Sunday, nurse mar.
You took us into battle with your vivid imagery and descriptions. I could feel the blood, sweat and fears and see the bravery and drunken disorder, feel the battle shifting back and forth. This was a very intense, very well documented read and I thank you for bringing this part of our American history to life.
Alastar, you've done it again. Interesting,that all though we had the surrender of British forces, poor communication capability leads to further hostilities. It reminds of me of the Battle of New Orleans, as part of the War of 1812, even though the war was officially ended. Enjoyed immensely, Cred2
I love history and I'm especially fascinated by the Revolutionary War. Great research and detail. Well done.
Rob
Just dropped by for another read. Regards from Hyph.
Hi! Tarheel The Great North Woods is cold and rainy weather....summer is over. I am having good comments on the decoration, even some people have tried to quess who killed Witch Hazel. I am teaching a group of high school kids on how to make duct tape decoration, they are having a good time. Looking forward to Oct.31 so I can read your next story :-) Canook
Your excellent exposition expresses the futility and savagery of war. Thanks for this exceptional history lesson, Alastar. Yuu made it all come alive.
Hey Alastar...straight awesome! The field, the weather, the lines, the participants...you put the reader right in the middle of the battle! (I will be found hiding under a bed in the brick house). I've said it before...I read a lot of history...and yours is some of the best!
Hi! Tarheel I enjoyed reading this hub, I am learning more and more about American history. Canook P.S. You would have made a good History Teacher.
You should get a job writing for the History Channel! You reflect the importance of remembering all the details to a story. That is what makes such a good writer, which you are.
It was like watching a movie Alastar. I felt so badly for the soldiers on both sides. Your details about the weather and all just made the battle seem current and one remembers these were real men with loved ones at home. Your historical notes are perfect. An all around absorbing read.
Revolutionary gold Alaster...It seems the British were never ready for the backwoods genius of the fledgling and opportunistic(in regard to seeing the opportunity for freedom for self rule)Americans.;)
......well our dear Martie has said it all - and yes a new hubber (to me) wrote a great hub on the CIVIL WAR and General Lee's horse, naturally I name checked you as I always do - to everyone ......her hub name is MOTHER NURTURE ..... I was at a cocktail party the other night in my mind and Michael Stripe and Mr. Tarrantino were asking about you - imagine that - you ended up in a song and in a movie .....
lake erie time 1:15pm
your history assignments are essential dear and kind sir!
Alastar, you are born to be a writer of history. The Battle of Eutaw Springs kept me in awe from beginning to end. I wonder what the world would have been like today if Britain and Colonialism were not historical facts.







































Alastar Packer Hub Author 5 months ago
Your very welcome tirelesstraveler, thanks. Alive and kickin' beats moribund n boring anyday- glad to be a follower now!